Data Sets

Brunei

ASEAN

Indonesian + Malaysian — Ind1 : 531

S1 = Indonesian male
S2 = Malaysian female

Context: S1 is talking about teaching languages such as Arabic, Malay and English during his early career. Apparently, they were not popular, because they were not seen as leading to earning money.

S1 : ... so all these three subject consider as (.) non (.) cash subject (.) so meaning these PAriah subject nobody want to take.

Intended Words: cash

Heard as: cast

Discussion: S2 knew that cast was not correct. But the use of [s] instead of [ʃ] at the end of the word resulted in her being unable to understand the word. Perhaps 'non-cash subject' is an unexpected collocation.

One might note that S2 had no problem understanding pariah with the stress on the first syllable; but she could not understand cash with [s] rather than [ʃ] at the end. It seems that phonemic substitutions are more problematic than stress shift in an ELF setting.