Illustrative Words for Consonants

The consonants are illustrated in the following word list, in which the words in italics are the orthographic versions listed in the Kedayan dictionary (DBPB, 2006). They are all common words of Kedayan. (The same words are used in Soderberg, 2014.) The pronunciation in the IPA column shows how the informant produced these words, reflecting some variability. For example, the word-final /k/ in naik is realised as [ʔ], but in sipak and licak, it is [k].

Word IPA Meaning Word IPA Meaning
/p/pisang[pisaŋ]'banana' /m/malam[malam]'night'
/b/bunga[buŋaˀ]'flower' /n/naik[naʲiʔ]'to climb'
/t/tanah[t̪anah]'earth' /ɲ/nyasah[ɲasah]'to wash'
/d/daun[daʷun]'leaf' /ŋ/angin[aŋin]'wind'
/k/kilat[kilat˺]'lightning' /w/kawan[kawan]'friend'
/ɡ/guuh[guuh]'thunder' /j/kayu[kajuˀ]'wood'
/ʧ/cium[ʧiʲum]'to kiss' /l/licak[liʧak]'slippery'
/ʤ/jalan batis[dʒalan batis]'to walk'
/s/sipak[sipak]'to kick'
/h/hutan[hutan] 'forest'