Data Sets

Brunei

ASEAN

Indonesian + Malaysian — Ind1 : 1078

S1 = Indonesian male
S2 = Malaysian female

Context: S1 is talking about learning English when he was young.

S1 : ... er learning er proper English passages

S2 : <1> i see <1>

S1 : so it was <1> taken <1> from berlitz actually

Intended Words: Berlitz

Heard as: ____

Discussion: Berlitz is the name of the publisher of the materials that were once widely used to learn English. S2 was unable to understand it and just left a gap '____' in her transcription.

It is pronounced as [ˈbælɪdʒ]. The open vowel in the first syllable, the stress on the first syllable, and the [ˈdʒ] at the end of the word all contribute to the problem. However, the use of a word to refer to English materials that are now not so widely used exacerbated the issue.