Data Sets

Brunei

ASEAN

Indonesian + Taiwanese — Ind2 : 860

S1 = Taiwanese female
S2 = Indonesian male

Context: They are talking about the Chinese friends S2's son made when he was in school.

S2 : ... er their chinese friend also stay with us and so on you know (.) so until now meaning that he: he is very close to (.) many of these er er er what do you call chinese students

Intended Words: until now

Heard as: as you know

Discussion: These words are spoken quite fast, but otherwise there is nothing unexpected in the pronunciation. One factor why S1 was unable to understand them is that the phrase until now is unusual in other varieties of English, where we might say still instead.